unit 3 Operating Systems 计算机系统概论（双语课件）专业英语课件.pptVIP

OPERATING SYSTEM (O.S) O.S is the software that controls the overall operation of a computer . It provides the means by which a user can store and retrieve files, provides the interface by which a user can request the execution of programs ,and provides the environment necessary to execute the programs requested. History of Operating System Old computers are large ,complex software packages that have grown form humble beginnings. The computers of the 1940s and 1950 were not very flexible or efficient. The execution of each program ,called a JOB. One job going on no other job will enter into the queue . Batch processing the execution of jobs by collecting them in a single batch, then executing them without further interaction with the user. A queue is storage organization in which objects are ordered in first-in ,first-out fashion. Interactive processing. real time processing The solution to this problem was to design operating systems that provided service to multiple users at the same time: a feature called time sharing. One means of implementation time sharing is to apply the technique called multiprogramming in which time is divided into intervals and then the execution of each job restricted to only one interval at time. Today ,multiprogramming techniques re used in single user as well as multi-user system ,although in the former the result is usually called multitasking. But the evolution of operating systems continues. The development of multiprocessor machines has led to operating system that provide time-sharing/multitasking capabilities by assigning different tasks to different processor a well as well as by sharing the time of each single processor. these operating systems must wrestle with such problems as load balancing as well as scaling. Operating System Architecture Classification of software Let us begin by dividing a machine’s software into two broad categories . Application Software System Software Comp