信息科学与电子工程专业英语 教学课件 Unit One Electronics Analog and Digital.ppt

* 11 For various reasons the simple synchronous receiver has never been used extensively. Present-day phaselock receivers almost invariably use the superheterodyne principle and tend to be highly complex. One of their most important applications is in the reception of the very weak signals from distant spacecraft. * 11 The first widespread use of phaselock was in the synchronization of horizontal and vertical scan in television receivers. The start of each line and the start of each interlaced half-frame of a television picture are signaled by a pulse transmitted with the video information. 与视频信号一起传送的脉冲发出电视图像每一行的开始信号和隔行扫描的半帧开始信号 * 12 As a very crude approach to reconstructing a scan raster on the TV tube, these pulses can be stripped off and individually utilized to trigger a pair of single sweep generators. A slightly more sophisticated approach uses a pair of free-running relaxation oscillators to drive the sweep generators. In this way sweep is present even if synchronization is absent. 作为一种非常粗糙的重建电视显象管扫描光栅的方法，这些脉冲可以剥离出来单独用于触发一对扫描发生器。 * 13 Free-running frequencies of the oscillators are set slightly below the horizontal and vertical pulse rates, and the stripped pulses are used to trigger the oscillators prematurely and thus to synchronize them to the line and half-frame rates (half-frame because United States television interlaces the lines on alternate vertical scans).7 设置得略低于水平和垂直（扫描）脉冲频率 剥离出来的脉冲用于提前触发振荡器从而使振荡器与行频和半帧频同步 * 14 In the absence of noise this scheme can provide good synchronization and is entirely adequate. Unfortunately, noise is rarely absent, and any triggering circuit is particularly susceptible to it. As an extreme, triggered scan will completely fail at a signal-to-noise ratio that still provides a recognizable, though inferior, picture. 在极端情况下触发扫描将完全失效，尽管在这样的信噪比条件下电视图像虽然较差却还能辩认。 * 15 Under less extreme conditions noise causes starting-time jitter and occasional misfiring far out of phase. Horizontal jitter reduces horizontal resolution and