神经系统药理—魏尔清(传出药理概论.ppt

Section XThe nervous system;Chapter 5Drugs Affecting the Nervous System;Part 1The Efferent Nervous System; ;Overview of efferent nervous system;Chemical transmission via synapse;Synapse;; Neurotransmitters;; Receptors;Adrenoceptors: G protein-coupled receptors;G protein-coupled receptor;;1 Transmitters and Receptors;A Transmitters and Receptors;;(2) Norepinephrine (NE) or noradrenaline (NA) Adrenergic nerves most of post-ganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerves;;;Termination of norepinephrine effects Uptake neurotransmitter transporters uptake 1: neuronal uptake uptake 2: non-neuronal uptake Enzymatic degradation monoamine oxidase (MAO) catechol-O-methyltransferease (COMT);Neurotransmitter transporters;;;2 Receptors 2.1 Acetycholine receptors (cholinoceptors, cholinergic receptors) Muscarinic receptors (M receptors) Nicotinic receptors (N receptors);Nicotinic receptors: ligand-gated ion channel;Mucarinic receptors Depression of the heart: heart rate, conduction Contraction of smooth muscles: sensitive: GI tract, bronchial, urinary bladder insensitive: uterine, blood vessels Exocrine glands: sensitive: sweat, tears, salivary insensitive: GI tract Eye: miosis: contraction of sphincter muscle of iris contraction for near vision: contraction of ciliary muscle;Nicotinic receptors NN receptors（ N1 receptors ） Sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia Adrenal medulla NM receptors （N2 receptors ） Contraction of skeletal muscles;2.2 Adrenoceptors (adrenergic receptors) ? receptors ?1 receptors: contraction of vascular smooth muscles: BP↑ contraction of radial muscle of iris: mydriasis ?2 receptors: CNS, presynaptic membranes of adrenergic nerves: vasodilatation;? receptors ?1 receptors: contractility, automaticity, conduction, oxygen-consumption, cardiac output: heart stimulation ?2 receptors: relaxation of bronchial smooth muscl