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专业英语第十一章 房屋结构工程 .pptVIP

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专业英语第十一章 房屋结构工程

Load Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) 钢结构设计规范(荷载抗力系数设计 ) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) 通常尺寸的圆钢几乎没有刚度,并且在自重下很容易下垂,因而破坏了结构的外观。以前用于桥梁的有螺纹的圆钢常常松掉,并发出嘎嘎声。圆钢的另一个缺点是难以按需要的精确长度来制作,随之发生的是安装的困难。 Members consisting of more than one section need to be tied together. Tie plates(also called tie bars) located at various intervals or perforated cover plates serve to hold the various pieces in their correct positions. These plates serve to correct any unequal distribution of loads between the various parts. They also keep the slenderness ratios (to be discussed) of the individual parts within limitation and they may permit easier handling of the built-up members. Cracking Load and Ultimate Moment 开裂荷载和极限弯矩 It has been shown that a variation in the external load acting on a prestressed beam results in a change in the location of the pressure line(压力线)for beams in the elastic range. This is a fundamental principle of prestressed construction. In a normal prestressed beam, this shift in the location of the pressure line continues at a relatively uniform rate as the external load is increased, to the point where cracks develop in the tension fiber. After the cracking load has been exceeded, the rate of movement in the pressure line decreases as additional load is applied, and a significant increase in the stress in the prestressing tendon and the resultant concrete force begins to take place. This change in the action of the internal moment continues until all movement of the pressure line ceases. The moment caused by loads that are applied thereafter(其后)is offset(抵消)entirely by a corresponding and proportional change in the internal forces, just as in reinforced-concrete construction. This fact, that the load in the elastic range and the plastic range is carried by actions that are fundamentally different, is very significant and renders(使..变得)strength computations essential for all designs in order to ensure that adequate safety factors exist. This i

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