美国对埃及援助政策研究.doc

中文摘要 肯尼迪政府以“新边疆人”的视角认识纳赛尔埃及，认为纳赛尔是阿拉伯世界的领导人，阿拉伯民族主义有别于社会主义，希望通过交好纳赛尔，与阿拉伯世界保持友好关系，实现美国的全球目标和地区战略。为此，肯尼迪积极实行改善美埃关系的外交政策。肯尼迪时期，尽管两国还存在一系列问题，美国与埃及的关系改变了50年代的是是非非，保持了相对友好的局面。约翰逊作为肯尼迪的继任者，最初期望继承肯尼迪的中东外交政策，一方面和以色列建立亲密的关系，另一方面继续保持和纳赛尔的良好外交关系。面对阿拉伯世界对亲以色列立场的约翰逊的怀疑，约翰逊政府初期曾经打算改变阿拉伯世界的这种认识。随着世界形势和中东形势的变化，美国政府这种努力夭折。美国政府的立场转变为靠近以色列和阿拉伯保守国家，牵制和制衡埃及，限制阿拉伯民族主义在中东的影响和遏制苏联在中东地区的扩张。美国这种政策的转变既是美苏冷战在中东地区进一步展开的结果，也和中东地区形势变化相关，同时和两国领导人的个人因素相联系。 关键词：美国；埃及；援助；政策 Abstract John F. Kennedy understood Abdel Nasser of Egypt from the perspective of New Frontier. Kennedy thought Abdel Nasser was the leader of the Arab world and Arab nationalism was different from socialism. He wished that through cottoning to Nasser, the United States could maintain friendly relations with the Arab world to achieve American global goals and Regional strategy. To that end, Kennedy actively implemented this foreign policy that can improve the relationship between Egypt and the United States. In Kennedy period, although there were still a number of issues between the two countries, the United States and Egypt had changed Right and wrongs relationship in the fifties. In Kennedy period, The United States had maintained a relatively friendly relation with Egypt. Johnson as Kennedys successor, the initial hope was the succession of John F. Kennedys foreign policy in the Middle East. On the one hand, the United States established a close relationship with Israel. On the other hand, The United States continued to maintain good diplomatic relations with Nasser. In the face of the Arabs’ doubt on the Johnsons pro-Israel stance, Johnson had initially intended to change the Arab governments understanding this. With the change of the world situation and the situation in the Middle East, The United States Governments efforts collapsed. U.S. governments position shifted to close Israel and conservative Arab. Johnson wished to contain and balance Egypt, to restrict the Arab nationalist in the Middle East and curb the infl