英语国家概况爱尔兰加拿大澳大利亚新西兰word.pdfVIP

英语国家概况爱尔兰澳大利亚新西兰 Ireland The British Isles: Great Britain// Ireland// hundreds of small ones Ireland is called the Emerald Isle due to its rich green countryside Ireland: Northern Ireland// the Republic of Ireland (Eire in Gaelic) I. Geographical features Northeast: Northern Ireland East and southeast: Irish sea and St. George’s Channel North and west: Atlantic Ocean Capital: Dublin, located on Dublin Bay at the mouth of Liffery River Ireland has been compared to a basin—coastal highlands—central plain area Highest peaks: Carrantuohill 卡兰多山(1,041.3m)// Mount Brandon 布兰登山(953m) Largest river: Shannon River, about 386 km long, rising in north-central Ireland and flowing generally south and west to the Atlantic Ocean II. Climate and weather Mild, moist and changeable, excessive rainfall Six climatic regions: the Northwest// Connacht /kono:t/康诺特省west-central // the Southwest// Southeast// Central lowland// the Northeast III. Population and religion No significant ethnic minorities, no ethnic conflicts Two official languages: Irish(Gaelic/geilik/)// English 1921: establishment of the Irish Free State 爱尔兰自由邦 1937: the sovereign state of Eire /aere/爱尔兰主权国家 1949 年4 月18 日: the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国 Ireland is one of the most Catholic countries of Europe; the Anglican Church (英国国教) of Ireland is the largest non-Catholic—Protestant 新教 IV. Historical Background Henry VIII was the first to bring all Ireland under English control Tudors forced the Protestant Reformation and English law on the Irish. War between Irish Republican Army and the British government—1919-1921 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty—protestant-dominated Northern Ireland 1937: president replaced the Governor-General—Ireland (Eire) 1949: declare itself a republic V. Foreign policy neutrality and nonalignment 不结盟 1973: join EC 1979: establish diplomatic