拉丁文学习 第六课 Sum的将来和未完成时直陈式；Possum的现在时、将来时和未完成时直陈式补充不定时.pdfVIP

第六课 Sum 的将来时和未完成时直陈式； Possum 的现在时、将来时和未完成时直陈式 补充不定时 Sum 的将来时和未完成时直陈式 对于不规则动词Sum, esse, 学习其将来时和未完成时的最好方法就是记住下 面这张词形变化表；不过，它们比现在时形式更为规则，均由词干er-加上我们已 经熟悉的现在时系统的人称词尾（-ō/-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt ）所构成。 将来时直陈式 未完成时直陈式 1.erō, I shall be eram, I was 单数 2.eris, you will be erās, you were 3.erit, he (she, it, there) will be erat, he (she, it, there) was 1.erimus, we shall be erāmus, we were 复数 2.eritis, you will be erātis, you were 3.erunt, they (there) will be errant, they (there) were 不规则动词Possum, Posse, Potuī: To Be Able, Can, Could 常用动词possum, posse, potuī 是源于不规则形容词potis （able, capable; 与 “potent”，“potential” 比较）的pot-和sum 的复合词。在以s-开头的sum 前，-t-会 变成或“ 同化为”-s- （所以possum 来自*potsum ）；在其他情况下-t-保持不变。不 规则的现在时不定式posse 是从遵循这一规则的较早形式potesse 发展而来的。 036 韦洛克拉丁语教程 现在时直陈式 将来时直陈式 未完成时直陈式 I am able, can I shall be able I was able, could 单数 1.pos-sum pot-erō pot-eram 2.pot-es pot-eris pot-erās 3.pot-est pot-erit pot-erat 复数 1.pos-sumus pot-erimus pot-erāmus 2.pot-estis pot-eritis pot-erātis 3.pos-sunt pot-erunt