OV6620数字摄像头IP核的设计与实现.doc

摘要 SOPC是Altera公司提出来的一种灵活高效的SOC解决方案，它将处理器、存储器、I/O口、LVDS等系统设计需要的功能模块集成到一个可编程器件上，构成一个可编程的片上系统。 Nios II是建立在FPGA上的嵌入式软核处理器，有很强的灵活性。而作为体现Nios II灵活性的两个最主要方面的自定义外设和自定义指令，则越来越受到人们的关注。 本文研究以SOPC Builder为平台，设计基于Avalon总线的从外设OV6620数字摄像头的IP软核控制器。论文首先介绍了SOPC技术，其次介绍了OV6620的特性，最后重点论述了如何设计从外设的底层硬件描述及软件驱动程序。该设计在实验箱上完成并得到了正确的结果。 关键词 SOPC； Nios II； 自定义外设； OV6620数字摄像头  Abstract SOPC (System On Programmable Chip) is a flexible, efficient solution which is developed by Altera corporation. It could build a SOC design by integrating processor, memory, I/O, LVDS and other peripherals into one chip, on which forms a programmable system. The Nios II processor is a configurable soft-core processor which is based on the FPGA. As the most important respects of this technology, the custom peripheral and instructions have been paid more and more attention. The design of a custom component, ov6620 controller of Nios II IP soft-core, is discussed based on the Avalon bus architecture, which uses SOPC Builder as a platform. Firstly the technology of SOPC was introduced. Next the characteristic of ov6620 digital camera was talked about .Finally, how to design a slave Avalon interface from hardware to software is emphasized. This design has been completed in the experimental box and got the right result on test. Key Word SOPC; Nios II; custom peripheral; OV6620 digital camera  目录 摘要 - 2 - Abstract - 3 - 1. 引言 - 5 - 2. SOPC技术简介 - 6 - 2.1 SOPC技术 - 6 - 2.2 Nios II软核处理器 - 8 - 2.2.1 Nios II软核处理器简介 - 8 - 2.2.2 Nios II嵌入式的软硬件开发流程 - 8 - 2.3 Avalon 总线 - 10 - 2.3.1 Avalon总线简介 - 10 - 2.3.2 本设计中使用的接口信号 - 10 - 2.4 定制用户外设简介 - 11 - 2.4.1 元件的组成部分 - 11 - 2.4.2 元件的组成模块 - 11 - 2.4.3 元件的定制步骤 - 11 - 3. OV6620数字摄像头介绍 - 13 - 3.1 OV6620简介 - 13 - 3.2 OV6620引脚介绍 - 13 - 3.3 图像的采集过程 - 14 - 3.4 摄像头的配置状态 - 15 - 3.5 其他状态 - 15 - 4. OV6620控制器外设的设计过程 - 16 - 4.1 硬件功能的规划 - 16 - 4.2 使用VHDL来描述硬件逻辑 - 16 - 4.3 自定义元件的封装 - 17 - 4.4 编写测试元件的C文件 - 20 - 4.5 验证结果 - 22 - 5. 总结 - 23 - 附录1 - 24 - 附录2 - 28 - 参考文献 - 29 - 1. 引言 将IP硬核直接植入FPGA的解决方案