第一章 Globalization and International Linkages 全球化和国际化 国际企业与跨文化管理课件.pptVIP

Major development is inter-country trade, including free market policies among South American countries 南美洲的发展主要是国家间贸易的增长，包括在南美洲国家实行自由市场政策 South American countries increasingly looking to do business with U.S. 南美洲国家正积极寻求同美国进行贸易往来的机会 Economic Performance:European Union欧盟 Privatization of traditionally nationalized industries 传统上的国有企业私有化 Emergence of the EU as an operational economic union 欧盟作为一个运作经济联盟完整地出现 Economic linkages between the EU and newly emerging Central and Eastern European countries 欧盟和新近出现的中东欧国家建立了紧密的经济联系 Challenge is to absorb former communist bloc countries 挑战主要在于吸收原来的东欧邻国 Foreign MNCs gain foothold in EU by: 欧洲跨国公司的立足点主要在于 Acquisitions, Alliances, Cooperative RD efforts 并购，联盟，研究与开发上的合作和努力 Economic Performance:Central and Eastern Europe中东欧 Russia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland: 俄罗斯，捷克，匈牙利，波兰 Dismantling of Russian price controls 价格控制在俄罗斯已经取消 Perestroika—economic and political restructuring 重建—经济和政治上的重构 Privatization 私有化 Inflation 通货膨胀 Crime 犯罪 Membership in International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织的成员 Political uncertainty 政治上的不稳定 Economic Performance:Asia亚洲 Japan 日本 Phenomenal economic success in 1970s and 1980s 日本经济在二十世纪七八十年代取得了惊人的成就 Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) 国际贸易和工作部 Keiretsus 综合商社 Vertically integrated industries 垂直的一体化企业集团 Holdings provide assistance needed in providing goods and services to end users 为最终消费者提供商品和服务上的资助 Decade long recession in 1990s 在20世纪90年代经历了10年的经济衰退 Bank loans backed by real estate or projected revenues 银行信贷业务得到了来自房地产和预计收入的财政支持 By 2000, most major banks had billions of dollars in uncollectible loans 直至2000年，大多数的大型银行仍有数以亿计未能收回的贷款。 International competition has increased 国际间的竞争加剧 Economic Performance:Asia亚洲经济状况 China 中国 Annual real economic growth of 10 percent during the 1980’s and early 1990’s 从20世纪80年代到90年代初中国的年实际经济增长率已达到10% More recent growth of 8 percent or higher 近期的经济增长率已至少达到8% Healthy and growing economy