Constraints on theories of sequencing and timing in language perception and production.pdf英文资料.pdfVIP

18 Constraints on theories of sequencing and timing in language perception and production Donald G. MacKay Abstract This chapter reviews some fundamental phenomena which theories of sequencing and timing in language perception and production must address. I begin with the problem of sequencing: how do speakers order the words in sentences, and how do they order the morphemes, syllables and segments that make up the words? I address five basic constraints on theories of sequencing. Preparation for sequencing. Speech errors, reaction time experiments and neurolinguistic disorders indicate that a priming or preparation stage is necessary for the sequential activation of speech production units. Separate mechanisms for sequence versus content. Evidence from speech errors, word games and simultaneous translation indicate that the units representing words, syllables and speech sounds must be separate from the mechanisms for sequencing these units. A special relationship between sequencing and the initiation of behavior. Theories of sequencing must explain why it takes longer to initiate a preprogrammed output such as a word when the output consists of a sequence of subcomponents, e.g., syllables, than when it consists of a single subcomponent, all other factors being equal. The sequential error regularity. Theories of sequencing must explain why substi­ tuted and substituting components in speech errors usually belong to the same sequential class; e.g., nouns substitute with other nouns, and not with adverbs; vowels substitute with other vowels, and not with consonants. Different m