泌尿系统课件PPT.ppt

1 泌 尿 系 统The Urinary System 复旦大学上海医学院 解剖与组织胚胎学系 李文生 2 Composition and Function 肾(kidney)－ forms urine. 输尿管(ureter) － conducts urine from Kidneys to bladder. 膀胱(bladder)－receives and stores urine. 尿道(urethra)－conducts urine from bladder to exterior of body. 3 肾Kidney 1.肾的形态 成对、蚕豆形、红褐色 上端宽薄、下端窄厚 前面圆钝、后面扁平 外侧缘凸隆、内侧缘中部凹陷 4 内侧缘中部凹陷 肾门(Renal hilum)－a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney. 肾蒂(Renal pedicle)－the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum is called. including the renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis, lymphatic vessels and nerves. 肾蒂的结构顺序 A－P: V. A. P. S－ I : A. V. P. 5 肾窦(Renal sinus) －which is the renal hilum leads into a space within the kidney. － is occupied by the renal vessels and branches、 minor renal calices、 major renal calices、renal pelvis and some adipose tissue. 8 Left kidney lies at the level from the lower border of T11 to L2; the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surface. Right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney, at the level from the lower border of T12 to L3; the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surface. Renal hilum at the level of L1, is about 5cm from the posterior median line. Renal region－the area between 12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae. 9 10 4. 肾的被膜 纤维囊(Fibrous capsule) －a strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an organ that has been inflamed. 脂肪囊(Adipose capsule) －a thick adipose connective tissue capsule, surrounds the fibrous capsule. It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarring. 肾筋膜(Renal fascia) －on outside, surrounds both the kidney and suprarenal gland, holding these organs in place. 11 5. 肾的毗邻关系 上面－superarenal gland 后面 Three muscles 膈 (pleural cavity) 腰大肌 腰方肌 Three nerves 肋下神经 髂腹下神经 髂腹股沟神经 内面 Left kidney－腹主动脉 Ri