英语语法--句子成分分析.ppt

句子成分 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 定义 ：构成句子并起着不同作用的各个部分叫做句子 成分有主要成分和次要成分； 基本句型 主语+系动词+表语（主系表） 主语+不及物动词+（其他成分） 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 I told my best friend Tie zhu to bring lunch in the dining room. ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 状 语 ↓ 宾 语 补 足 语 Your mum called you to go home for dinner. 形容词，名词，不定式，介词短语等 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 宾语 补足语 Xiao Pang smiles happily 副词，介词短语或句子 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式等 状语 We likes the strong Tie Zhu. 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语等 用来修饰名词或代词 定语 You are my heart; you are the half of my life. 同主语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征 表语 We like Tie Zhu 同主语 表示动作行为的对象 宾语 We like Tie Zhu 动词或动词词组 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 谓语 We like Tie Zhu 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或句子 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 主语 例句 充当词类 意义 句子成分 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books. ↓ 间接 宾语 ↓ 直接 宾语 ●please pass me the book. ●He buy this girl some flowers. 直接宾语和间接宾语 定语后置： 如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置；类似的情况还有，当它所修饰的是由any-,every-, some-等跟-body, -one,-thing构成的复合代词时，通常后置 The girl in colours is his sister. The girl hiding in flowers is his daughter. Never mind! I’ll find someone like you. 状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 This job fair was launched in the gym. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he was late I waited to see you. He behaves without any principle or moral. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please let me know if you have something unhappy in mind. This book is very interesting. He played truancy in spite of his failure for test. 系动词 1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： I am a teacher. 2）持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如：The key to longevity is that one should keep his breath. 3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 注意：系动词不用于被动语态. 5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 。 (八)同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old. He himself will