第三讲 词义引申 汉英翻译 教学课件.pptVIP

翻译中的语义引申 语义引申是翻译中的一个重要手段,它是以原文的内容为依据,通过变换原有的表达方式,来提高译文的质量. 语义引申: 1)逻辑引申 2)语用引申 3)艺术引申 1)逻辑引申 逻辑引申主要表现为抽象与具体的互相转换 He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他做法官的职责战胜了父子亲情，从而判决他儿子有罪。 But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the slimness and the stride were long past , too. 但是母亲已经很多年没有走这条路了．苗条的倩影和宽阔的步伐已不可复睹． Nature has no kindness, no hospitality, during a rain. 下雨时，大自然对人类毫不留情，似乎不让我们有容身之所． John overstayed his welcome.约翰因呆得太久而不受欢迎。 The best one can say of the bible translators and revisers is that, though they are masters of the apparatus of scholarship, they lack diligence of the imagination. 关于圣经的译者和校者,能说的最好的话是他们虽然掌握了做学问的全套方法,却不勤于使用想象力. And there have been three campaigns for the presidency, during which the towns and speeches and babies and barbecues streamed in the equivalent of a video loop. 总统竞选一共有三大战役，其间候选人不断往返于各个城镇，作各种演说，还常常抱抱婴儿，参加烧烤集会，各种活动循环往复地进行，就像来回放一盘录影带。 2)语用引申 语用引申是指在翻译实践中,根据语境的变化需要和读者接受能力的需要而进行的引申.由上下文构成的小语境和由社会文化背景构成的大语境是语用引申的重要参照. I began to ask a question , but Lyonya put his fingers to his lips. 我开口想提个问题，但是雷昂亚拿手指放在嘴唇边，示意我别做声． The young girl thumbed her way to the passing cars. 那个年轻的姑娘在路边不停地向过往的车辆竖起拇指表示要搭车． Lord Oxford possessed most of the needed gifts of a great statesman except ruthlessness towards others and insensitiveness for himself. 牛津勋爵具备了一个伟大政治家所需要的大部分才能，但他缺少两样：一是对别人不够狠，二是脸皮不够厚． Indeed, neither of these books does justice to the sweep of China. Mr. Spencer has more on culture, but his style is often plodding. Mr Gray is far more rambunctious（放浪不羁） and even entertaining to read, but he makes mistakes. 的确，这两本书哪一本也没有能真正写出中国的气派．斯本司先生对文化谈的较多，但他的写法往往是拖沓的．格雷先生更是放浪不羁，甚至写的有趣，但是有不少错误． 艺术引申 艺术引申是以原作的艺术意境为出发点，以巧妙地再现原作的艺术效果为目的，生动准确自然地表达原文语义的方法． Kino’s hand leaped to catch the scorpion, but it fell past his fingers, fell on the baby’s shoulder, landed and struck. Then, snarling, Kino had it, had it in his finger, rubbing it to a paste in his hands. He threw it down and beat it into the earth