2013——2014年华科考博英语真题及答案.docxVIP

2013——2014年华科考博英语真题及答案2013完型BARACK OBAMA, in his state-of-the-union speech on February 12th, called for a new era of scientific discovery. “Now is the time to reach a?level of research and development not seen since the?height?of the space race,” he declared. He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerate?regenerative medicine. This would mean spending more on research. As The Economist went to?press, America’s government was about to do the opposite.2月12日，贝拉克?奥巴马在国情咨文演讲中号召人民开启科研成果新纪元。他宣布：“自太空竞赛取胜以来，我们始终未能将科技研发推向一个新高度，现在是时候了。”他还表扬了大脑活动图谱绘制工程和再生医学提速项目。这意味着他打算在科研上投入更多的经费。本期《经济学人》付印时，美国政府正欲背道而驰。Federal spending is due to be cut on March 1st, the result of a long brawl?over?the deficit. Complex politics triggered this “sequester” (Congress excels at nothing if not elaborate dysfunction) but the sequester itself is brutally simple. America will cut $85 billion from this year’s budget (about 2.5% of spending),split?between military and non-military programmes. Among the areas to be squeezed is RD, and medical research in particular.赤字当前，各政客长期意见不合，导致联邦自动减支于3月1日强制启动。政局复杂导致了“财政封存”（国会只擅长把紊乱的政局变得更糟），但是“财政封存”却简单得要命。美国将在本年度预算中削减850亿美元（约为总开支的2.5%），由军事开支和非军事开支共同分担。研发项目开支也将被削减，而医学研究首当其冲。For years America has enjoyed pre-eminence in research, but this is?fading. Chinese investment (including both public and private money) more than quintupled from 2000 to 2010, to $160 billion, in 2005 prices. America’s RD spending rose by just 22% over that period, according to the OECD. Research also?makes up?a smaller portion of America’s economy than some other countries’. In a ranking of RD spending as a?share?of GDP, America came tenth in 2011. A decade earlier it was sixth.美国历年都在科研方面独占鳌头，但现在她龙头的光环越来越小。以2005年价格核算，2010年中国的研发投资是2000年的5倍多，达1600亿美元；而据经济合作与发展组织称，同期美国只增加了22%。同时，研究经费在美国经济中所占的比例比其他一些国家都要小。在2011年研发开支占GDP比例上，美国排名第十，而十年前，美国位居第六。Nevertheless, America remains the world’s biggest?engine?for innovation. It spent $366 billion on research in 2011, compared with $275 billion by all 2