英语教学与测试Language Testing.ppt

Language Testing Wei Beibei Language Testing Introduction to language testing Stages of test construction Testing language skills and elements Common testing techniques Interpreting test scores Achieving beneficial backwash I. Introduction Definition of terms: test, measurement, evaluation Approaches to language testing Test purposes Types of tests Criteria of tests 1. Definition of terms Test, Measurement, Evaluation Test-1 Test-2 测试是用来获取某些行为的方式、方法，其目的是从这些行为中推断个人具有的某些特征。 Test-3 Anastasi (1962): “ 测试实质上是对行为样本所做的客观的标准化的测量。” 三要素： ＊ 行为样本 ＊ 客观的测量 ＊ 标准化的测量 （刘润清：P4） Measurement1 Bachman (1999): Measurement in the social science is the process of quantifying the characteristics of persons according to explicit procedures and rules. Measurement2 测量是根据明确的程序和规则量化研究对象特征的过程。 Three distinguishing features: ＊ quantification ＊ characteristics ＊ explicit rules and procedures Measurement3 Stevens (1951): “ 测量就是根据法则赋予事物数量。”（按照一定的规则给事物的属性指派数字或符号的过程） 三要素： ＊ 事物及其属性 ＊ 指派数字或符号 ＊ 法则 （刘：P2） Evaluation1 Weiss (1972): Evaluation can be defined as the systematic gathering of information for the purpose of making decisions. Evaluation2 “ 评价指为做出某种决策而收集资料，并对资料进行分析，作出解释的系统过程。” 与测量、测试相比其含义更广，综合性更强。 Relationships among the three: （刘：P5） An example of evaluation that does not involve either tests or measures (area 1) is the use of qualitative descriptions of student performance for diagnosing learning problems. An example of a non-test measure for evaluation (area 2) is a teacher ranking used for assigning grades, while an example of a test used for purposes of evaluation (area 3) is the use of an achievement test to determine student progress. The most common non-evaluative uses of tests and measures are for research purposes. An example of tests that are not used for evaluation (area 4) is the use of a proficiency test as a criterion i