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Increased resistance due to ”non-human” antibiotic use (veterinary ...PPT.ppt

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Increased resistance due to ”non-human” antibiotic use (veterinary ...PPT

C. Greko, SVA * Increased resistance due to”non-human” antibiotic use(veterinary and zootechnical use) Christina Greko Dept of Antibiotics National Veterinary Institute (SVA) Uppsala, Sweden Why use antibiotics for animals? Therapy Prophylaxis Growth promotion Feed additives for performance enhancement, 70/524/EEC spiramycin (-99) tylosin (-99) virginiamycin (-99) avoparcin (-97) ardacin (-97) bacitracin (-99) avilamycin carbadox (-99) olaquindox (-99) flavofosfolipol monensin salinomycin Some indications for veterinary use Antibiotics approved for use in bovines and/or porcines (Sweden 2001) Individual medication penicillin-G penicillin-DHS amoxicillin ceftiofur macrolides (16-M) pleuromutilins trim/sulph. tetracyclines fluoroquinolones aminoglycosides Group medication macrolides (16-M) pleuromutilins tetracyclines fluoroquinolones From: FASS VET. 2001 Resistance to APE in E.faecium from broilers in Denmark From: DANMAP 95,96,97,98,99,00 (www.svs.dk) Penicillin resistance among S.aureus from clinical mastitis in cows and sales of penicillin Data as cited in Greko, 1996 KSLA 135 (15) p27- and SVARM 2000 (www.sva.se) Transfer ofzoonotic bacteria Antibiotic resistance,S. Typhimurium from animals Data from: DEFRA: Salmonella in livestock production 2000, DANMAP 2000 and SVARM 2000 Quinolone resistance in Campylobacter (NL) From: Endtz et al, 1991, JAC, 27:211-217 Resistance to nalidixic acid among C. jejuni, Denmark Source: DANMAP 00 (www.svs.dk) Quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni (DK, 1999) From: DANMAP 99 (www.svs.dk) Fluoroquinolones - human vs veterinary use in Sweden Data from Naturv?rdsverket, 1994 and Statistics Sweden Transfer ofresistance genes Food as source - tetracycline resistance in coliforms of helthy volunteers on control or sterile diet From: Corpet, NEJM 1988, 318:1205- Transfer of genes - spread of streptothricin-resistance (Tn1825), GDR From: Witte, 1996 (Ciba Foundation Symposium 207) Transfer of genes- base pair variants