science文献发现太阳系外双星系统中的行星.pptxVIP

Direct imaging discovery of a Jovian exoplanet within a triple-star systemKevin Wagner et al. Science 2016BackgroundDirect imaging allows for the detection and characterization of exoplanets via their thermal emission.Most direct imaging surveys have traditionally excluded visual binary or multiple systems whose separations are less than a few hundred astronomical units (au) due to the assumption that such planetary systems would either be disrupted or never form, as well as the increased technical complexity of detecting a planet amongst the scattered light of multiple stars.Multi-star systems are as numerous as single stars.Planets on wide orbits (detectable by direct imaging) might arise more frequently in multi-star systems due to planet-planet or planet-star interactions.BackgroundTo investigate the frequency of long-period giant planets both around single stars and in multi-star systems, we are sampling a population of ~100 young single and multiple A-type stars in the nearby Upper Scorpius-Centaurus-Lupus association.Wide field X-ray image of the Scorpius-Centaurus association constructed from the data of the ROSAT All Sky Survey Background maps. The yellow dots mark the positions of bright X-ray sources detected in the survey (only about 10% of the brightest X-ray sources are shown). The blue circles mark the three subgroups Upper Scorpius, Upper Centaurus-Lupus, and Lower Centaurus-Crux (from left to right).The Scorpius-Centaurus Association is centered about 470 light-years away in the Gould Belt(the nearest OB association to the Sun) and contains several hundred stars, mostly of type B. About 12 million years ago the most massive star in Upper Centaurus-Lupus went supernova, creating a large shock wave. This shock wave passed through the Upper Scorpius cloud about 5 million years ago, and triggered the star formation process there. Shortly after, the strong winds of the numerous massive stars in Upper Scorpius started to disperse the molecular cloud and h