NUMERICAL STUDIES OF FLOW THROUGH A WINDBREAK英文文献.pdfVIP

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 21 (1985) 119--154 119 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam --Printed in The Netherlands NUMERICAL STUDIES OF FLOW THROUGH A WINDBREAK JOHN D. WILSON* University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1 (Canada) (Received August 27, 1984) Summary The pattern of flow through a porous windbreak has been investigatednumerically using severalwell-known closure schemes (turbulence models). The shelterisincluded as a momentum extraction term in the streamwise momentum equation, fora fence having the value kr~$~15 (x,0) s(z,H) where kr isthe pressure-losscoefficientof the fence,~ isthe local mean horizontal (x)velocity, 5 (x,0) is the delta function and s(z,H) is a unit step func- tion which iszero for heights (z)greater than the fence height,H. Previous experiments on neutrally stratifiedsurface-layer flow through a porous fence were numerically simulated. Very good agreement with the observed velocity deficitin the near wake (x 15H where H = fence height) of the fence was obtained using a Reynolds-stress closure scheme, The predictions of the k--e closure scheme (which includes turbulent kinetic energy and energy dissipation rate equations to estimate the eddy viscosity) and the simplest scheme tested, eddy viscosityK = K 0 = hu.oz (eddy viscosity at all downwind distances equal to its value far upstream ku.oz, where h =von Karmans constant, u.0 = friction velocity, z = height) were only slightly less satisfactory. Satisfactory estimates of the pattern of turbulent kinetic energy behind the fence were obtained. All simulations failed to predict the sharp speedup observed over the fence, and consequently yielded a slower rate of recovery towards equilibrium than observed. Attempts to improve pre- diction of the speed-over and the far wake by including corrections for mean streamline curvature were unsuccessful. Design aids fo