Cyclic fatigue and fracture in pyrolytic carbon coated graphite mechanical heart valve prostheses Role of small crack in life prediction英文文献.pdfVIP

Cyclic fatigue and fracture in pyrolytic carbon-coated graphite mechanical heart-valve prostheses: Role of small cracks in life prediction R. H. Dauskardt, R. 0.Ritchie,,* J. K. Takernoto, and A. M. Brendzel Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California; 2St. Jude Medical, Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota A fracture-mechanics based study has performed to char- computations of the applied (far-field) driving force in acterize the fracture toughness and rates of cyclic fatigue- terms of the maximum stress intensity, K,,,, small fatigue crack growth of incipient flaws in prosthetic heart-valve cracks grew at rates that exceeded those of long cracks at components made of pyrolytic carbon-coated graphite. the same applied stress intensity, and displayed a negative Such data are required to predict the safe structural lifetime dependency on K,,,; moreover, they grew at applied stress of mechanical heart-valve prostheses using damage- intensities less than the fatigue threshold value, below tolerant analysis. Unlike previous studies where fatigue- which long cracks are presumed dormant. To resolve this crack propagation data were obtained using through- apparent discrepancy, it is shown that long and small crack thickness, long cracks (-2-20 mm long), growing in con- results can be normalized, provided growth rates are char- ventional (e.g., compact-tension) samples, experiments acterized in terms of the total (near-tip) stress intensity (in- were performed on physically small cracks (-1OCk600 Fm corporating, for example, the effect of residual stress); with long), initiated on the surface of the pyrolytic-carbon coat- this achieved, in principle, either form of data can be used ing to simulate reality. Small-crack tough