Signalling pathways and molecular interactions of NOD1 and NOD2英文文献.pdfVIP

REVIEWS Signalling pathways and molecular interactions of NOD1 and NOD2 ‡ Warren Strober*, Peter J. Murray , Atsushi Kitani* and Tomohiro Watanabe* Abstract | The NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) proteins NOD1 and NOD2 have important roles in innate immunity as sensors of microbial components derived from bacterial peptidoglycan. The importance of these molecules is underscored by the fact that mutations in the gene that encodes NOD2 occur in a subpopulation of patients with Crohn’s disease, and NOD1 has also been shown to participate in host defence against infection with Helicobacter pylori. Here, we focus on the molecular interactions between these NOD proteins and other intracellular molecules to elucidate the mechanisms by which NOD1 and NOD2 contribute to the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and the induction of mucosal inflammation. LRR domain In the past few years, intensive study of Toll-like receptors us to improve our understanding of how mucosal cells (leucine-rich-repeat domain). (TLRs) has taught us that innate immune responses can respond to commensal organisms in the normal gastro- A domain that mediates the be initiated by a system of structurally related proteins intestinal tract. However, a more compelling interest detection of ligands derived that function as receptors for specific microb