Folate and One Carbon Metabolism and Its Impact on Aberrant DNA Methylation in Cancer英文文献.pdfVIP

4 Folate and One-Carbon Metabolism and Its Impact on Aberrant DNA Methylation in Cancer Jia (Jenny) Liu*,† and Robyn Lynne Ward*,† *Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia †Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia I. Introduction II. Chemistry and Metabolism of Folate A. Methyl donors B. Overview of folate chemistry C. Folate metabolism and transport D. Cellular folate transport III. Biochemistry of Cellular Folate-Mediated One-Carbon Metabolism A. Biochemical role of folate coenzymes B. Consequences of folate deficiency C. Folate metabolism and requirements during pregnancy D. Factors that alter folate status or folate metabolism E. Challenges in folate status assessment IV. Characteristics of DNA Hypomethylation in Cancer V. Folate Deficiency, DNA Hypomethylation, and CRC: A Critical Review A. In vitro studies B. Animal studies C. Human studies D. Species-specific differences in folate metabolism VI. Conclusion Acknowledgments References Advances in Genetics, Vol. 71 0065-2660/10 $35.00 Copyright 2010, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2660(10)71004-X 80 Liu and Ward ABSTRACT Folate is a methyl donor that plays an essential role in DNA synthesis and biological methylation reactions, including DNA methylation. Folate deficiency may be implicated in the development of g