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3
Histone Modifications and
Cancer
Carla Sawan and Zdenko Herceg
Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),
69008 Lyon, France
I. Introduction
II. Chromatin Organization
III. Histone Modifications
A. Acetylation
B. Methylation
C. Phosphorylation
D. Ubiquitination
E. Histone code
IV. Role of Histone Modifications in Cellular Processes
A. Transcription
B. DNA repair
C. DNA replication
V. Deregulation of Histone Modifications as a
Mechanism Underlying Cancer Development
VI. Histone Modifications in Cancer as Potent Biomarkers
VII. Conclusion and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
Advances in Genetics, Vol. 70 0065-2660/10 $35.00
Copyright 2010, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2660(10)70003-1
58 Sawan and Herceg
ABSTRACT
It is now widely recognized that epigenetic events are important mechanisms
underlying cancer development and progression. Epigenetic information in
chromatin includes covalent modifications (such as acetylation, methylation,
phosphorylation, and ubiquitination) of core nucleosomal proteins (histones).
A recent progress in the field of histone modifications and chromatin research
has tremendously enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying
the control of key physiological and pathological processes. Histone modifica-
tions and other epigenetic mechanisms appear to work together in establishing
and maintaining gene activity states, thus regulating a wide range of cellular
processes. Different histone modifica
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