Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling英文文献.pdfVIP

L E T T E R S Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling 1 1 2 1,2 2,3 Stuart M Chambers , Christopher A Fasano , Eirini P Papapetrou , Mark Tomishima , Michel Sadelain Lorenz Studer1,2,4 Current neural induction protocols for human embryonic stem SB431542 was shown to enhance neural induction in an embryoid (hES) cells rely on embryoid body formation, stromal feeder body–based hES-cell neural induction protocol9. SB431542 inhibits . d co-culture or selective survival conditions. Each strategy has the Lefty/Activin/TGFb pathways by blocking phosphorylation of the e v considerable drawbacks, such as poorly defined culture ALK4, ALK5 and ALK7 receptors. Although Noggin or SB431542 r e s conditions, protracted differentiation and low yield. Here we treatment improve the efficiency of neural induction, neither treat- e r report that the synergistic action of two inhibitors of SMAD ment alone is sufficient to neurally convert hES cells under defined or s t signaling, Noggin and SB431542, is sufficient to induce rapid adherent conditions. Here we set out to test whether combined h g and complete neural conversion of 480% of hES cells under blockade of SMAD signaling using Noggin and SB431542 is sufficient i r l adherent culture conditions. Temporal fate analysis reveals the to achieve full ne