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Fabrication and microstructure analysis on zinc
oxide nanotubes
1
R M Wang , Y J Xing, J Xu and D P Yu
Electron Microscopy Laboratory and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic
Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871,
People’s Republic of China
E-mail: rmwang@
New Journal of Physics 5 (2003) 115.1–115.7 (/)
Received 5 August 2003
Published 25 September 2003
Abstract. Well crystallized aligned zinc oxide nanoscale tubular structures have
been fabricated via vapour phase growth on large area substrates. The ZnO
nanotubes have regular polyhedral shapes, hollow cores with diameters of 30–
100 nm, lengths over a few tens of micrometres and wall thicknesses of 4–10 nm.
In morphology, the nanotubes were either straight or twisted with several straight
parts. The microstructure of the tubular material was investigated in detail by
using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Z -contrast
imaging and compositional line profile analysis. The chemical composition of
individual tubular structures was found to be stoichiometric ZnO using selected
area energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction results indicated
that the ZnO nanotubes had wurtzite crystal structure. XRD analysis and HRTEM
investigations indicated the ZnO nanotubes were grown along the [001] direction.
The growth of the tubular ZnO nanostructures was found to be closely related to
the hexagonal nature of the Z
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