锥体外系、小脑解剖PPT.pptVIP

小脑 C. The Cerebellum (小脑) Location: in the posterior cranial fossa. Relationship: anteroinferior: attached to the brain stem by cerebellar peduncles (小脑脚) posterosuperior: tentorium cerebelli (小脑幕) 3. ? External feature lateral: left right cerebellar hemispheres (小脑半球) median: cerebellar vermis (小脑蚓) Subdivisions Anatomical (解剖) Functions (功能) Phylogenetic (种系发生) Connection (联系) Anterior lobe (前叶) Muscle tone synergy of muscle (肌张力,肌协调) Motor execution (运动执行) Paleocerebellum (旧小脑) Spino- cerebellum (脊髓小脑) posterolateral fissure (前外侧裂) Posterior lobe (后叶) Coordination of muscles Motor planning (协调运动)(运动计划) Flocculo- nodular lobe (绒球小结叶) Maintaining equilibrium coordinating eye movements (保持平衡, 协调眼运动) Archicerebellum (原小脑) Vestibulo- Cerebellum (前庭小脑) Cerebro- cerebellum (大脑小脑) Neocerebellum (新小脑) primary fissure (原裂) cerebellar vermis (小脑蚓部) intermediate hemisphere (半球中间部) lateral portion of hemisphere (半球外侧部) 小脑的纤维联系 小脑的传入信息来自大脑皮质、脑干(前庭核、网状结构、下橄榄核)和脊髓。 所有传入纤维都经过小脑下脚、中脚、上脚终止于小脑皮质及小脑蚓部(本体感觉冲动)。 小脑的传出纤维主要发自小脑深部核团(主要是齿状核)，由齿状核发出的纤维经小脑上脚(结合臂)在到达红核前先交叉(称被盖背交叉)然后终止于对侧中脑红核，交换神经元后发出纤维再经被盖前交叉下行为红核脊髓束至脊髓前角细胞，由于小脑至前角的纤维经过两次交叉，故小脑半球与身体是同侧支配关系。由顶核中继后的纤维终止于前庭核及网状结构，发出纤维组成前庭脊髓束和网状脊髓束直接或间接作用于脊髓前角细胞。 cerebellar (central) nuclei 核团(小脑核) fastigial nucleus (顶核) globose nucleus (球状核) cortex of archicerebellum (原小脑皮质) vestibular nuclei (前庭核) (脊髓小脑束)→ cortex of paleocerebellum (旧小脑皮质) 1 2 3 emboliform nucleus (拴状核) [dysequilibrium平衡失调] Archicerebellum(原小脑) 小脑下脚 vestibular nuclei (前庭核) 前庭脊束 sup. cerebel.peduncle (小脑上脚) red nucleus (红核) [ataxia 共济失调] Intermediate hemisphere(半球中间部) neocerebellar cortex (新小脑皮质) dentate nucleus (齿状核) thalamus (丘脑腹外侧核) 中脚 pontine neuc. (脑桥核) (小 脑 上 脚) sup. cerebellar peduncle [dysmetria 辨距不良] [dysdiadochokinesia 轮替运动障碍] [syndrome of neocerebellum 新小脑综合征] red nuc. (红核) Neocerebellar Cortex (新小脑皮质) [intentional tremor意向性震颤] 4 环路 锥体外系、小脑解剖及功能 青医附院谢安木教授 锥体外系统(extrapyramida