材料科学基础 课件 11.pptVIP

材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials Lesson eleven §3.10 Silicates Ⅰ.Introduction Silicates are compounds that mainly composed of [SiO4]. It is the essential components of most rock and soil, such as quartz, feldspar, mica etc. Ⅱ.Features 1. Basic sell: [SiO4] rsi/rO＝0.40/1.35＝0.300.414 [SiO4]4- 4－ SiO4 tetrahedron Si4+ is the cation that have small radii and large electrovalence. The distance between Si and O: Si－O : 1.6 ? (practical) 1.75 ? (theoretic) (0.40+1.35) 2. The bonds of Si-O-Si is not beeline but zigzag line. The angle of oxygen point is 145o in silicate. 3. For every oxygen, there is at most two SiO4 tetrahedrons can share it. 4. The SiO4 tetrahedrons can exist isolated or connect each other at common point. 5. In silicate structure: So, the CN of aluminum could be 4 or 6 6. The chemic expression or mineral. molecular formula : Al2O3·2SiO2·H2O ; ZrO2·SiO2 structural formula : Al2[Si2O5](OH)4 ; Zr[SiO4] aluminum + oxygen aluminum-oxygen tetrahedrons replace SiO4 tetrahedrons aluminum-silicate aluminum-oxygen octahedron Ⅲ.Classification island chain (single, double) sheet (single, double) frame 1. Island silicates Si:O=1:4 Si:O=1:3.5 Si:O=1:3 Si:O=1:3 Si:O=1:3 characteristic single: molecular formula: M4+[SiO4]、 M22+[SiO4] typical minerals olivine, zircon, garnet [SiO4]四面体及其硅氧团之间不共顶点相连，硅氧团被金属离子隔开形成孤立的岛状。 硅氧四面体还可以成对硅氧团出现，或成三方环状、四方环状或六方环状硅氧团出现，这些有限的硅氧团之间被金属阳离子隔开 双环 三环 四环 六环 2. Chain silicates single characteristic 硅氧四面体通过共用两个或者两个以上的顶点，连接形成一向延长的链状结构。链与链之间被金属阳离子隔开。 single Si:O=1:3 typical minerals pyroxenes，CaMg[Si2O6] , Mg2[Si2O6] double typical minerals tremolite ; (OH)6Mg6(Si4O11)·H2O double Si:O=4:11 3. Sheet silicates Si:O=4:10 characteristic [SiO4]以三个以上的顶角相连形成在二维方向呈六角对称的平面无限延伸的层状结构。 typical minerals talc Mg3[(OH)2Si4O10] muscovite