曼昆 宏观经济学7.ppt

* CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I Alternative perspectives on population growth The Malthusian Model (1798) Predicts population growth will outstrip the Earth’s ability to produce food, leading to the impoverishment of humanity. Since Malthus, world population has increased sixfold, yet living standards are higher than ever. Malthus neglected the effects of technological progress. * CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I Alternative perspectives on population growth The Kremerian Model (1993) States that population growth contributes to economic growth. More people = more geniuses, scientists engineers, so faster technological progress. Evidence, from very long historical periods: As world population growth rate increased, so did the rate of growth in living standards Historically, regions with larger populations have enjoyed faster growth. Chapter Summary 1. The Solow growth model shows that, in the long run, a country’s standard of living depends: positively on its saving rate negatively on its population growth rate 2. An increase in the saving rate leads to: higher output in the long run faster growth temporarily but not faster steady state growth Chapter Summary 3. If the economy has more capital than the Golden Rule level, then reducing saving will increase consumption at all points in time, making all generations better off. If the economy has less capital than the Golden Rule level, then increasing saving will increase consumption for future generations, but reduce consumption for the present generation. Chapters 7 and 8 cover one of the most important topics in macroeconomics. The material in these chapters is more challenging than average for the book, yet Mankiw explains it especially clearly. This PowerPoint presentation provides an introduction with data to motivate the study of economic growth. If your classroom computer has live internet access, a better alternative might be to display a few dynamic cross-country graphs from Gapminder, an exc