组胚经典教学（南京大学医学院）消化腺（2015）.pptVIP

期中考试时间：4月29日 5-6节 （14:00-16:00） 地点：仙I-212, 213 Figure 13. Hepatic lobule microvasculature. (a): The hepatic lobule’s central vein (CV) is actually a venule consisting of little more than an endothelial tube with smaller sinusoids (S) coming in from all directions. X200. HE. (b): Peripheral portal areas contain more connective tissue and are the sites of the portal triad: a portal venule (PV), an arteriole (A) branching off the hepatic artery, and one or two branches of the bile duct (D). Blood flows (arrow) from these arterioles and venules into the sinusoids between the plates of hepatocytes that run to the central venule. In the portal area the bile ductules are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. X400. HE. (c): Reticulin (collagen type III) fibers running along the plates of hepatocytes are the major support for the sinusoids and central venules. Most connective tissue in the liver is found in the septa and portal tracts. X400. Silver. 3、肝血窦：位肝板之间，通过肝板上的孔洞相互通连。 特点是：1）内皮有孔，无隔膜，无基膜，通透性很大。 2）窦腔内有枯否氏细胞。 枯否氏细胞特殊染色 枯否氏细胞的作用： （1）吞噬、清除从胃肠进入门静脉的细菌、病毒和异物。 （2）吞噬、清除衰老、破碎的红细胞和血小板等。 （3）识别肿瘤细胞特异性抗原及抑制和杀伤肿瘤细胞。 Figure 16–14. Hepatic sinusoids. Nutrient—rich blood from the portal vein and oxygen—rich blood from the arteriole mix in the sinusoids running between the plates of hepatocytes from the portal areas to the central venules. Molecules in the blood are processed mainly by the hepatocytes, but other cells in or near the sinusoids are also important. Specialized stellate macrophages, often called Kupffer cells, are bound to the endothelial lumen of the sinusoids, where they detect and phagocytose effete erythrocytes. (a): Stellate macrophages are seen as black cells in a liver lobule from a rat injected with particulate India ink. X200. HE. (b): In this plastic section, stellate macrophages (M) are seen in the sinusoid (S) between two groups of hepatocytes (H). They are larger than the flattened endothelial cells (E).