PhotosynthesisandCellularRespiration光合作用.pptVIP

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Outline I. Energy II. The Chloroplast and Mitochondria III. Photosynthesis A. Introduction B. Reactions IV. Cellular Respiration A. Introduction B. Reactions Energy Energy is essential to life! All living organisms must be able to produce energy, store energy for future use, and use energy. We have and will be learning about many cellular processes that require energy (ex cellular active transport) Energy: ATP The name of the energy molecule that our cells need is called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) composed of an adenosine molecule with 3 phosphate groups attached ATP The phosphate groups of ATP are charged and don’t like to be near one another (like charges repel) A great deal of energy is needed to add each phosphate group. When the bond is broken, a great amount of energy is released (the energy of ATP becomes available when the molecule is broken down) ATP formation and breakdown When only two phosphate groups are attached to the adenosine, the molecule is called ADP (adenosine diphosphate) When one of the bonds is broken ATP becomes ADP. As long as the phosphate groups are available, there is an endless supply of ATP. Energy Transformers We have already learned about two organelles within cells that are important for energy use Chloroplasts (only found in photosynthetic organisms) Mitochondria (found in both animal and plant cells) Chloroplasts: The Green Machine Chloroplast Structure grana Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis They capture light energy and convert it to food to store for later use Inside the chloroplasts is a green pigment called chlorophyll grana Mitochondria: The Powerhouse Mitochondria Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration They are the sites of chemical reactions that transfer energy from organic compounds to ATP Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration Overall photosynthesis reaction: Light energy -- food energy 6CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy -- C6H12O6