昆虫群落insectcommunity幻灯片.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Lake Communities Chironomidae: Late instars may again enter plankton Move to well-aerated water In some species, late instar individuals follow pattern described for 1st instars Lake Communities Ranatra montezuma: Hemipteran Nocturnal planktonic behavior As light drops below 100 lux, move from littoral to limnetic zone Feed on Hyalella montezuma, return to littoral zone during day Lake Communities Nekton: Nekton distinguished from plankton by directional mobility; from benthos by association with open water Although many aquatic insects swim, they are associated with hard substrate Lake Communities Nekton: Truly nektonic species restricted to a few hemipterans and coleopterans Hemiptera nektonic species include Notonectidae, Corixidae and Belostomatidae Lake Communities Nekton: Anisops and Buenoa (Notonectidae) use hemoglobin to control buoyancy Prey on small arthropods in open water column Lake Communities Nekton: Relationship between habitat and leg structure Buenoa – open water Hind legs for rapid pursuit Forelegs and midlegs for prey capture Lake Communities Nekton: Relationship between habitat and leg structure Notonecta – underside of surface film Feed on moving prey as well as those caught in surface film Leg structure is intermediate Lake Communities Nekton: Corixidae Elongate, flattened, hair-fringed hindlegs Most restricted to water 1 m Planktivorous spp. are nektonic Lake Communities Nekton: Belostomatidae Most are sit and wait predators Lethocerus = nekton Coleoptera Only largest Dytiscidae and Hydrophilidae Lake Communities Benthos: Majority of insects in lentic habitats are benthic Collectively, aquatic insects make up to 90% of total benthic fauna Lake Communities Benthos: Several orders have highest diversity and abundance in lentic habitats Odonata (dragonflies) Hemiptera Coleoptera Diptera (some families exclusively lentic) Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Neuroptera Lake Communities Be