读书报告2有机农业土壤肥力和生物多样性演示课件.pptVIP

Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming有机农业土壤肥力和生物多样性 Paul Maeder et al. Science 296, 1694 (2002); Tutor:Zhengyi name:Chenlei ID:2011210205 Content 1、Background 2、DOK Trial Description 3、Result 4、Conclusion 5、My thoughts on the organic farming 1.Background An understanding of agroecosystems is key to determining effective farmingsystems. 对于农业生态系统的理解是决定有效的耕作制度的关键 We found crop yields to be 20% lower in the organic systems, although input of fertilizer and energy was reduced by 34 to 53% andpesticide input by 97%. 我们发现虽然把化肥和能源的输入由34%降低到53％以及97％的农药输入，但是在有机系统中的作物产量却降低了20%。 Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs. 增强有机系统中的土壤肥力和提高土壤生物多样性可能会导致对这些系统较少的外部投入。 2、DOK Trial Description The field experiment was set up in 1978 in the vicinity of Basle by the Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Zürich-Reckenholz and the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick . 瑞士联邦农业生态和农业研究站（Zürich- Reckenholz）和有机农业研究所（Frick)田间试验是在1978年巴塞尔附近成立的. Four farming systems were compared differing mainly with respect to fertilization strategy and the concept of plant protection management . The organic systems(BIODYN and BIOORG) The conventional system(CONFYM and )CONMIN Input of nutrients, pesticides, and fossil energy to the DOK trial systems. Potato yields in the organic systems were 58 to 66% of those in the conventional plots (Fig. 1), mainly due to low potassium supply and the incidence of Phytophtora infestans. Winter wheat yields in the third crop rotation period reached an average of 4.1 metric tons per hectare in the organic systems. This corresponds to 90% of the grain harvest of the conventional systems, which is similar to yields of conventional farms in the region (8). Differences in grass-clover yields were small 有机系统中的马铃薯的产量是传统系统中的58到66%，主要是由于K的供应不足和晚疫病发病率。在有机系统中，冬小麦的产量达到平均每公顷4.1公吨，这相当于传统系统中产量的90%，类