六西格玛---测量(续).pptVIP

Six Sigma Yellow BeltMeasure – Basic Statistics Six Sigma Yellow Belt Измерение – Введение Basic Statistics Types of Data Sampling technique Mean, Standard deviation, Range and Median Normal distribution Variation Measurement errors Discrete data (Attribute data) Can only take on certain fixed values (e.g. number of family members, OK/broken, number of correct/wrong) Requires a large set of data to be analyzed. Continuous data (Variable data) Can take on any value (e.g. time, volume, weight, ….) Requires a smaller set of data to be analyzed. Exercise A Yellow Belt at Nuts Bolts Inc. reviews the waiting time for 10 randomly chosen units that are waiting to be processed in the next operation in the production flow. The measurements are as follows (i seconds):   07, 26, 17, 26, 43, 47, 26, 66, 24, 28 What type of data is this set of measurements? If the tolerance limits for the waiting period is 0 - 30 sec, what will the yield be? What type of data is the calculated defect rate? Time: 5 minutes Questions on types of data: What type of data is this? 1 incorrect out of 10, 10% defect rate? Age of people at an office: 45, 23, 32, 33, 25, 61, 44, 40, 21, 30, 33? A list of height and weight of all boys in eight grade? The catch in number of fishes passing the minimal requirements concerning weight – and therefore doesn’t have to be put back into the lake? A big problem when trying to collect certain types of information (e.g. people, conditions) might be that there are enormous quantities of information. It might be impossible to measure everything! Imagine if all opinion polls concerning which political party that is the biggest would take that they had to ask every citizen in the country every time. What if the Incoming Inspection department had to measure the dimension of all incoming material.  In order to make this kind of measurement situations easier we can use Sampling or Random samples. Sampling terminology We name the sample size n Ru