英语汉译英做题技巧.pptVIP

四级训练 汉译英 考点分析 语法 1.虚拟语气 用来表示非真实的假设,或者用来表示命令、建议或者说话人的主观愿望.例如,在句子当中出现虚拟条件句(if及其省略句)、某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest,in case,for fear that等)、一部分表示建议、主张、命令、要求等概念的词语(如suggest,propose,order,require等),或句型would rather,wish,as if,It’s time that等时,句子需要使用虚拟语气. 虚拟语气的主要形式包括should+动词原形及would/should have done等. 例: 1. It has been decided that the meeting (延期到下周六). 2. He put his coat over the child for fear that (她会着凉). (should) be postponed till next Saturday she should catch cold 2.主谓一致 指句子成分之间须在人称、数、性等方面保持一致.例如有些词(如government,class,family等)虽然形式上是单数,但有时表示复数含义,因此某些情况下谓语动词要采用复数形式;相反,有些单词(如the United States,ten dollars,two thirds of the area等)形式上是复数,其谓语动词却需要用单数.另外,句子由either… or或neither…nor连接或当一个句子是由there或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语动词通常和最靠近它的主语一致.如果主语中含有某些连词(如as well as,besides,in addition to等)时,谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致. 例 1. Two thousand miles (对我们来说太远了) to travel over a short vacation. 2. Breathing normally in a heavily polluted city smoking a pack of cigarettes a day.(相当于) is too far for us is equal to 3.倒装结构 表示强调或突出,分为全部倒装和部分倒装.如表示否定或基本否定的词或词组(如 never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, little, nor, neither, nowhere, no sooner, not only, in no case, in no way, at no time, under no circumstances等)作状语放在句首时,only引出的状语放在句首时,以及在虚拟语气中非真实条件从句中连词if省略时,句子都需要用倒装语序. 例 1. Not only (旧城市得到改善), but the new cities were built. 2. Only when you have got sufficient materials (你才能得出正确的结论). were the old cities improved can you come to a sound conclusion 4.非谓语动词 在英语中,不作句子谓语,但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词.非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词.做题时首先确定要选用的非谓语动词,然后确定逻辑主语并分析语态,确定主动还是被动关系,最后分析时态. 例 1. The headmaster’s order to have the whole places (马上打扫干净) was unreasonable since he didn’t provide any tools. 2. He claimed to (被恶劣地对待) at yesterday’s party. cleaned up at once have been badly treated 5.独立主格结构 一般说来,在句