读书报告有机农业土壤肥力和生物多样性教学教材.pptVIP

Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming有机农业土壤肥力和生物多样性;Content;1.Background; Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs. 增强有机系统中的土壤肥力和提高土壤生物多样性可能会导致对这些系统较少的外部投入。;2、DOK Trial Description;Four farming systems were compared differing mainly with respect to fertilization strategy and the concept of plant protection management . The organic systems(BIODYN and BIOORG) The conventional system(CONFYM and )CONMIN ;;;3、Result;Input of nutrients, pesticides, and fossil energy to the DOK trial systems.;Potato yields in the organic systems were 58 to 66% of those in the conventional plots (Fig. 1), mainly due to low potassium supply and the incidence of Phytophtora infestans. Winter wheat yields in the third crop rotation period reached an average of 4.1 metric tons per hectare in the organic systems. This corresponds to 90% of the grain harvest of the conventional systems, which is similar to yields of conventional farms in the region (8). Differences in grass-clover yields were small;;;Soil pH was slightly higher in the organicsystems (Fig. 2B).In soils of the organic systems, dehydrogenase,protease, and phosphatase activities werehigher than in the conventional systems, indicatinga higher overall microbial activityand a higher capacity to cleave protein and organic phosphorus .Phosphorus flux through the microbial biomass was faster in organic soils, and morephosphorus was bound in the microbial biomass (14, 15).Evidently, nutrients in the organic systemsare less dissolved in the soil solution, and microbial transformation processes maycontribute to the plants’ phosphorus supply.;Mycorrhizae as members of the soil communityameliorate plant minera nutrition and contribute to soil aggregate formation .Root length colonized by mycorrhizae in organicfarming systems was 40% higher than in conventional systems .;Biomass and abundance of earthwormswere higher by a fact