有机合成讲义ALIPHATIC NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION.pptVIP

Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution I. Concepts and mechanisms (I) The SN1 mechanism: substitution nuleophilic unimolecular Y- = Nuleophile  Partial inversion of configuration The characteristics of SN1: The formation of a carbonium is involved. 3. Racemization with exceptions. 4. Nucleophiles do not influence the reaction rate, but the leaving groups do. 5. Solvent influence. Polar solvent is advantage to SN1. 2. Two-step reaction. Some commonly used leaving groups Halides Sulfonates (II) The SN2 mechanism ( bimolecular mechanism) Backside attack Walden inversion Rate = k[Y