《传热学》PRINCIPLES OF CONVECTION.pptVIP

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《传热学》PRINCIPLES OF CONVECTION

CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF CONVECTION Boundary Layer Boundary Layer Equations Convection Heat Transfer over A Flat Plate Heat Transfer in Tube Flow §5-1 INTRODUCTION Definition Fluid in motion Solid surface different temperatures Mechanism thermal convection thermal conduction Influencing factors those that influence fluid flow (motion) heat conduction Newton’s Law of Cooling W Definition of convection heat transfer coefficient: W/(m2?oC) Classification of Convection Heat Transfer Forced / natural(free) convection Internal / external flow; Limited / large space Laminar / transitional / turbulent convection Computation of h Newton’s Law: Non-slip condition: u=0 at the surface; Pure heat conduction at the surface. Fourier’s Law §5-2 VISCOUS FLOW Velocity Boundary Layer Definition: the region in vicinity of the wall that significant velocity variation in y-direction exists or that the effects of viscosity are observed. The boundary layer thickness ? : The distance needed such that The formation of the boundary layer is closely related to the effects of viscosity. Newton’s friction law Outside the boundary layer, (?u/?y)=0. This means that we can take μ=0 as well. Hence the main or free stream outside the boundary layer is inviscid, the fluid can be taken as the ideal one. The existence of a solid surface is absolutely necessary that makes a fluid viscous. The further a point is away from the surface, the smaller the effects of the fluid viscosity, and thus stronger the inertial effects. Flow Regimes Laminar region: The fluid flows in the distinct layers. The viscous effects control the motion of the fluid; The molecular diffusion is the mechanism for momentum and energy transport. Turbulent region: No distinct fluid layers; macroscopic chunks of fluid transporting energy and momentum; Random churning action in all directions. Transitional region: In-between the L the T. Reynolds Number Velocity Profile Lamin

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