专八复习之美国文学整理.docx

时期作者属性作品成就殖民地时期Captain John SmithwriterA True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony; A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the CountryThe first American writerWilliam BradfordWriterThe History of Plymouth PlantationJohn WinthropWriterThe History of New EnglandRoger WilliamsWriterA key into the Language of America, or, A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England独立革命时期（18th Century）启蒙运动（Enlightenment）Benjamin FranklinScientist,Natural philosopher,Statesmen,Literary manDraft The Declaration of Independence; Poor Richard’s Almanac; AutobiographyOne of the most important American thinkersPhilip FreneaupoetThe Wild Honey Suckle; To the Memory of the Brave AmericansFather of American PoetryThomas JeffersonDrafter of The Declaration of Independence美国第三届总统前浪漫主义时期（1770s-1830s）Washington IrvingWriterThe Sketch Book: Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow (the beginning of American Romanticism)The first American author to achieve international distinctionWilliam Cullen BryantPoet (Nature)First collection Poems (8): To a Water Fowl, The Yellow Violet;Poetic translations of Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyThe first American lyric poet of distinctionJames Fennimore CooperNovelistLeatherstocking Tales (5): The Pioneers, The Last of the Mohicans, The Prairie, The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer后浪漫主义时期（1830-1860）Ralph Waldo Emerson思想家、散文作家、诗人 (nature and meditation)NatureTwo types: poetry and essaysHead of the Transcendental MovementWalt WhitmanPoet (has edited his own weekly newspaper, the Long Island)Leaves and Grass: marked the birth of truly American poetry, changed him into one of American’s greatest and most original poets;Song of Myself is the most famous poem in the collectionA great democratic poet; the first great American poet to use free verseNathaniel HawthorneNovelist (concern moral or ethical problems; human soul)The Scarlet Letter: first symbolic novel: ma