呼吸系统——系统解剖学双语课件.ppt

Splanchnology 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 Composition: Alimentary system 消化系统 Respiratory system 呼吸系统 Urinary system 泌尿系统 Reproductive system 生殖系统 Characters of viscera Most of viscera organs lies in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvis cavities All of then communicate with external environment through some orifices or channels Reference lines of thorax Anterior median line Sternal line Midclavicular line Parasternal line Anterior axillary line Post axillary line Midaxillary line Scapular line Posterior median line The abdominal regions Nine regions Left and right hypochondriac region, epigastric region L . and R. lateral regions of abdomen, umbilical region L. and R. inguinal region, pubic region Four quadrants Left and right upper quadrants Left and right lower quadrants The Respiratory System Composition Respiratory tract Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi Lungs-paired organs of respiration Function: supply the body with oxygen and to get rid of excess carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism The Nose 鼻 External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by nasal septum Two parts: Divided by limen nasi 鼻阈 Nasal vestibule Proper nasal cavity Boundaries Roof－cribriform plate of ethmoid Floor－hard palate Medial wall－nasal septum Lateral wall Nasal conchae: superior, middle and inferior Nasal meatus: superor, middle and inferior Sphenoethmoidal recess Remove the middle nasal conchae Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗 Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 Mucous membrane of nose Olfactory region嗅区: located upper nasal cavity, above superior，nasal conchae，contains olfactory cells Respiratory region 呼吸区: its function is to warm, moisten, and clean the inspired air The paranasal sinuses and their site of drainage into the nose The Larynx 喉 Position－situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and e