小升初英语语法专项复习-形容词、副词.docxVIP

形容词、副词：1、形容词：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。例如：You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.（定语）Your coat is too small.（表语）The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.（宾语补足语）【注意】：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone（独自的）, afraid（害怕的）, asleep（睡着的）, awake（醒着的）, alive（活的）ill等。例如：例如：She is alone.她一个人。?I am afraid of dogs. 我害怕狗。Don’t wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.形容词在句子中的位置：形容词作定语时通常放在名词的前面，如：a big apple多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或形物代 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、人的国籍、质地、用途。例如：冠词/形物代年龄/大小/形状/温度色彩来源（国籍）质地/材料目的/用途被修饰的名词(中心词)athemyhis…old, young,…red,yellow,blue,…Chinese,English, American,…wooden,woolen,glass,silk,paper…meeting,tennis,sports,reading,swimming,…box,shoes,room,pig,…long, short,round, square…big, large,small, little…hot, cold, warm, cool…【注】：冠词—数量—大小——长短——新旧——国籍——材料如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：You’d better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room.Something serious has happened to him.表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的表示数量的词组的用法。如：He’s 1.8 metres tall. (他身高1.8米。) The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high. 我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach. 他们是很容易教的学生。We live in a house much larger than yours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。作表语时放在系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.有关形容词的用法辨析：whole与all：记住两个词序：① the whole + 名词； ② all (of) the + 名词。如：He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that aven