[工学]第十一章 随机过程与蒙特.pptVIP

第十一章 随机过程与蒙特卡罗方法 11.1 蒙特卡罗(M-C)方法应用概述 例: 求圆周率 向正方形内随机画点,当点的个数N足够大时, 则如果落入圆中的点数为M, 有 Ss为圆面积, Sr 为正方形面积. 如圆半径为r, 则: function p = mcpi1(N) M = 0; x = rand(1,N); y = rand(1,N); f=(x-0.5).^2+(y-0.5).^2; for i = 1:N if f(i) 0.25 M = M+1; end end p = 4*M/N; function p = mcpi2(N) M = 0; x = rand(1,N); y = rand(1,N); f=(x-0.5).^2+(y-0.5).^2-0.25; M=-sum(sign(f)-1)/2; p = 4*M/N; function p = mcpi3(N,n) M = zeros(1,n); x = rand(n,N); y = rand(n,N); f = (x-0.5).^2+(y-0.5).^2-0.25; M = -sum(sign(f)-1,2)/2; p = mean(4*M/N); 画电子云: 氢原子的基态1s态归一化的电子分布密度: 氢原子的基态2s态归一化的电子分布密度: 氢原子的基态3s态归一化的电子分布密度: function dzy1(N) % 电子云 r0=2.5e-10; Dmax=1.1e10; a=0.529e-10; axis equal h = line(Color,[1 0 0],Marker,.,MarkerSize,4,EraseMode,none); for i=1:N r=r0*rand; D0=Dmax*rand; if (4*r^2*exp(-2*r/a)/a^3)=D0 f=2*pi*rand; x=r*cos(f); y=r*sin(f); set(h,xdata,x,ydata,y),axis([-r0,r0,-r0,r0]) pause(0.01); end end function dzy2(N,n) % 电子云 r0=[2.5e-10,10e-10,20e-10]; Dmax=[1.1e10,0.14e10,0.2e10]; a=0.529e-10; axis equal h = line(Color,[1 0 0],Marker,.,MarkerSize,4,EraseMode,none); r=r0(n)*rand(1,N); D0=Dmax(n)*rand(1,N); if n==1 D1 = 4*r.^2.*exp(-2*r/a)/a^3; elseif n==2 D1 = r.^2.*(2-r/a).^2.*exp(-r/a)/(8*a^3); elseif n==3 D1 = 4*(r/81).^2.*(27-18*r/a+2*(r/a).^2).^2.*exp(-2*r/a/3)/(3*a^3); end for i = 1:N if D1(i)= D0(i) f=2*pi*rand; x=r(i)*cos(f); y=r(i)*sin(f); set(h,xdata,x,ydata,y),axis([-r0(n),r0(n),-r0(n),r0(n)]) pause(0.001); end end function dzy3(N) % 电子云 r0=2.5e-10; r = r0*[0:1/N:1]; Dmax=1.1e10; a=0.529e-10; axis equal h = line(Color,[1 0 0],Marker,.,MarkerSize,4,EraseMode,none); D = 4*r.^2.*exp(-2*r/a)/a^3; u =[]; for i=1:N u = [u r(i)+rand(1,ceil(D(i)/1e+8))*(r(i+1)-r(i))]; end u = u(randperm(length(u))); for i=1:length(u) f=2*pi*rand; x=u(i)*cos(f); y=u(i)*sin(f); set(h,xdata,x,ydata,y),axis([-r0,r0,-r0,r0