操作系统概念课件ch06.pptVIP

CHAPTER 6: CPU SCHEDULING （调度） Scheduling Concepts Scheduling Criteria Scheduling Algorithms Multiple-Processor Scheduling Real-Time Scheduling Scheduling Algorithm Evaluation SCHEDULING CONCEPTS To maximize CPU utilization with multiprogramming CPU–I/O Burst Cycle: Process execution consists of a sequence of CPU execution and I/O wait. CPU burst I/O wait CPU burst I/O wait …. Scheduling concepts: Histogram Scheduling concepts: CPU Scheduler (调度器) CPU scheduler selects a process from the ready processes and allocates the CPU to it. When to use CPU scheduler? When a process terminates. When a process switches from running to waiting state. When a process switches from running to ready state. When a process switches from waiting to ready. Scheduling under 1 and 2 only is non-preemptive(非抢占). Win 3.x Scheduling under all conditions is preemptive(抢占). Win 9x, Win NT/2K/XP, Linux Scheduling concepts: Process dispatcher (派遣器) Dispatcher module gives the CPU control to the process selected by the short-term scheduler; this involves: switching context (saving context and restoring context) switching to user mode (from monitor mode ? user mode) jumping to the proper location in the user program to restart that program (PC counter) Dispatch latency – the time it takes for the dispatcher to stop one process and start another running. SCHEDULING CRITERIA (标准) CPU utilization (使用率): keep the CPU as busy as possible. CPU throughput (吞吐量): number of processes that complete their execution per time unit. Process turnaround time (周转时间): amount of time to execute a particular process. Process waiting time (等时间): amount of time a process has been waiting in the ready queue. Process response time (响应时间): amount of time it takes from when a request was submitted until the first response is produced, not output (for time-sharing environment). Scheduling criteria To maximize or minimize some average measures: Maximize CPU utilization. Maximize CPU throughput. Minim