操作系统概念课件ch09.pptVIP

CHAPTER 9: MEMORY MANAGEMENT (内存管理) Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging BACKGROUND Sharing ? Management CPU sharing Memory sharing Memory management Actual memory management Contiguous partition allocation Paging segmentation Virtual memory management Demand paging demand segmentation Background : Logical vs. Physical Address Space Program must be brought into memory and placed within a process for it to be run. CPU ?? Memory Logical address (逻辑地址) and Physical address (物理地址) Logical address (逻辑地址)– generated by the CPU; also referred to as virtual address. Physical address (物理地址)– address seen by the memory unit. Logical and physical addresses are the same in compile-time and load-time address-binding schemes; logical (virtual) and physical addresses differ in execution-time address-binding scheme. Background: Memory-Management Unit (MMU) What is seen is not always true. Hardware device that maps virtual to physical address. In MMU scheme, the value in the relocation register is added to every address generated by a user process at the time it is sent to memory. The user program deals with logical addresses; it never sees the real physical addresses. Background:Dynamic relocation using a relocation register Background : Multistep Processing of a User Program Background : Binding of Instructions and Data to Memory Address binding of instructions and data to memory addresses can happen at three different stages. Compile time: If you know at compile time where the process will reside in memory, then absolute code can be generated. Recompiling may be required. Load time: If it is not known at compile time where the process will reside in memory, then the compiler must generate relocatable code. Execution time: If the process can be moved during its execution from one memory segment to another, then binding must be delayed until run time. This requires hardware support for address maps (e.g., ba