[理学]Physics 13 Molecular basis of Thermal Physics.pptVIP

Chapter 13 The Molecular Basis of Thermal Physics;Main Points of Chapter 13;13-1 A Microscopic View of Gases;Microscopic description of an ideal gas:;13-2 Pressure and Molecular Motion;;2. The origin of Pressure;Next: look at the number of collisions;The momentum transferred in time interval dt;monatomic;13-3 The Meaning of Temperature;Macroscopic and microscopic views of the work done by an insulated gas;ACT Can we assign a temperature to a single molecule? Explain. ;If you double either T or N, p goes up a factor of 2. ( pV = NkT );Interpretation of the van der Waals Gas;f;ACT Consider a gas of particles of finite size, but with no attractive force between the particles. How could the microscopic model of gases be used to explain why the pressure in this gas is greater than that predicted by the ideal gas law? ;A) Finite size particles will move a shorter distance on average between collisions and return to a given surface in a shorter time than point-like particles would resulting in more collisions per unit time with the surface. B) Finite size particles cannot approach a surface at as grazing angle of incidence as point-like particles. The momentum is more perpendicular to the surface resulting in a greater normal force to the surface upon collision. C) Finite size particles will compress the surface they collide with less, resulting in a shorter collision time. The impulse given the gas particles is the same as point-like particles, but the shorter collision time results in greater force for each collision. D) Finite size particles will move with a higher average speed. When the particles collide with a surface, they transfer more momentum to the surface resulting in a greater average force. E) Finite size particles have a lower density than point-like particles. To have the same average kinetic energy, the particles move at a higher speed. The greater momentum of the particle causes greater force during collisions. ;13-4 The