[理学]Physics 10 Special Re.pptVIP

Time Dilation Time Dilation fs the frequency of the source in its rest frame fr the frequency observed u the relative speed of the source and the observer Example A driver was caught running a red light. His defense is that he saw the light as green, as a result of the Doppler shift. He is arrested. What for? Estimate the seriousness of his transgression. driving with excessive speed. Solution The Doppler shift is of great importance in astronomy – due to the expansion of the universe, more distant objects are receding more rapidly. The Doppler shift of their spectral lines lets us find their speed and therefore their distance. The Doppler Shift for Light and Cosmology 10-6 The Lorents Transformations o O’ S S’ u X’ x Two inertial reference frames S and S’ supposed when t=t=0 O and O’ coincide P an event P Frame S (x,y,z,t) Frame S’ (x’,y’,z’,t’) ut o O’ S S’ u X’ x Frame S o O’ S S’ u X’ x Frame S’ ut’ The Lorents Transformations The Lorents Transformations The Inverse Lorents Transformations 1) x’ depends x,u,t, so does t’ The Lorents Transformations Discussion 2) Galilean Transformations 3) Invariant quantity ？ Example use the Lorents transformations to confirm that simultaneous depends on frame event 1 event 2 suppose Events that are simultaneous in S’ are not simultaneous in S Example Event 1 (x1,t1) causes Event 2 (x2,t2) There are causality between them. Show that time sequence can’t reverse. speed of information is sent from event 1 to event 2 If there is not enough time for a signal at light speed to travel from event 1 to event 2, then the two events cannot have a causal relationship in any reference frame. S (the earth) Event 1 A was born in Beijing Event 2 B was born in Alberta S’ (the spaceship) The time sequence can’t reverse. The time sequence may change Act use the Lorents transformations to confirm time dilation and length contraction time dilation length contracti