[英语学习]华理艺术设计专业英语复习范围.docVIP

Landscape and Urban Planning(第一本) 1、This paper traces evidence of the influence of the landscape on people’s health, from ancient times to the present day, noting how access to nature and attractive green spaces has been a recurring theme in descriptions of therapeutic environments and associated healthy lifestyles. It describes how the theme of health in the picturesque debates of eighteenth century England (including such concepts as ‘active curiosity’) was taken up and developed in arguments for the nineteenth century urban park movement in England and North America. Recent theories on the mechanisms behind health benefits of nature and access to landscape are compared with claims made in the nineteenth century and earlier. The importance of access to the landscape appears to be as relevant as ever in the context of modern urban lifestyles but the need for better evidence and understanding remains. 2、This paper takes such themes and looks back in history to understand how links between landscape and health have been described, conceptualized and explained in the past. The focus is on positive associations between health and landscape, rather than on environmental hazards and pollutants or on negative experiences of wilderness and nature, and it explores the role of the landscape as a salutogenic context, not simply as a therapeutic place for those who are ill. 3、While standards of evidence demanded for public policy and practice today are different from those of previous centuries, people have identified connections between the landscape and health throughout history, and attempted to understand the mechanisms and reasons behind this relationship. 4、A recurring characteristic in these descriptions of paradise is the healthful nature of the garden, supporting human beings in every way, providing delight to every sense. They go beyond descriptions of landscapes that merely provide physical sustenance – food and water – to places important for all aspects of human w