第10章 简单数据类型及其应用.pptVIP

Simple Data Types: Built-in and Use-Defined Chapter 10 Topics External and Internal Representations of Data Integral and Floating Point Data Types Using Combined Assignment Operators Prefix and Postfix Forms of Increment and Decrement Operators Using Ternary Operator Using Type Cast Operator Using an Enumeration Type Creating and Including User-Written Header Files C++ Simple Data Types simple types integral floating char short int long bool enum float double long double unsigned By definition, the size of a C++ char value is always 1 byte. exactly one byte of memory space Sizes of other data type values in C++ are machine-dependent. 慉? Using one byte ( = 8 bits ), HOW MANY DIFFERENT NUMBERS CAN BE REPRESENTED USING 0抯 and 1抯? Each bit can hold either a 0 or a 1. So there are just two choices for each bit, and there are 8 bits. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 28 = 256 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 Similarly, using two bytes ( = 16 bits), 216 = 65,536 DIFFERENT NUMBERS CAN BE REPRESENTED. If we wish to have only one number representing the integer zero, and half of the remaining numbers positive, and half negative, we can obtain the 65,536 numbers in the range below : -32,768 . . . . 0 . . . . 32,767 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 Some Integral Types Type Size in Bytes Minimum Value Maximum Value char 1 -128 127 short 2 -32,768 32,767 int 2 -32,768 32,767 long 4 -2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647 NOTE: Values given for one machine. Actual sizes are machine-dependent. Data Type bool domain contains only 2 values, true and false allowable operation are the logical ( !, , ||) and relational operations Operator sizeof DEFINITION C++ has a unary operator named sizeof that yields the size on your machine, in b