[临床医学]支气镜图谱.pptVIP

支气管镜图谱2 刘敬东 * * Clinical situations associated with increased risk from bronchoscopy ____________________________________________________ 1.Lack of patient cooperation 2.Recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina 3.Partial tracheal obstruction 4.Unstable bronchial asthma 5.Respiratory insufficiency associated with moderate to severe hypoxemia or any degree of hypercarbia 6.Uremia and pulmonary hypertension(possible serious hemorrhage after biopsy) 7.Lung abscess(danger of flooding the airway with purulent material) 8.Immunosuppression(danger of postbronchoscopy infection) 9.Obstruction of the superior vena cava(possibility of bleeding and laryngeal edema) 10.Debility,advanced age,and malnutrition 11.Unstable cardiac arrhythmia 12.Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation 13.Disorders requiring laser therapy,biopsy of lesions obstructing large airways,or multiple transbronchial lung biopsies _____________________________________________________________________ * * * * *