[工学]流体力学 英文课件第4章.ppt

Chapter 4 Differential Relations ForViscous Flow(3D viscous flow) 4.1 Preliminary Remarks * Two ways in analyzing fluid motion Seeking an estimate of gross effects over a finite region or control volume. Integral (2) Seeking the point-by-point details of a flow pattern by analyzing an infinitesimal region of the flow. Differential Assignment: Page264: P4.1(a), P4.2, P4.4 ,P4.9(a) p,r,T 1 perfect gas p, r, u,v,w,T 1 energy p, r ,u,v,w 3 momentum r ,u,v,w 1 continuity unknown variables equations To Solve A Flow… 4.6 Initial (初始)and Boundary（边界）Conditions for the Basic Equations Initial Conditions： t = t0 : Boundary Conditions： (No slip) Velocity Wall If the wall is stationary Temperature Due to the highly complex of the N-S equations, only a few particular solutions were found up to now. For most problems, the equations must be solved numerically, which is a brand new course called CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Flow pass a cylinder An experiment result A computation result Solving the N-S equations numerically x y o h h U Flow between two parallel walls, Steady, incompressible, neglect body force, 2-D Continuity: Momentum: 4.7 Exact solutions of N-S Equations * Laminar Flow VS. Turbulent Flow * Two forms of flow Laminar flow （层流）, Turbulent flow （湍流） * Viscous flow Viscosity is inherent nature of real fluid. Transition Reynolds number Osbrone Reynolds Reynolds tank 4.2 The Acceleration Field of a Fluid Local acceleration unsteady Convective acceleration nonuniform Nonlinear terms In the like manner Any property Φ Substantial Derivative 随体（物质、全）导数 Example Given . Find the acceleration of a particle. X inlet (mass flow) X outlet dx y z x dz dy Infinitesimal fixed CV X flow out 4.3 Differential Equation of Mass Conservation In the like manner Flow out of the CV Loss of mass in the CV For steady flow For incompressible flow Example 1 Under what conditions