[材料科学]铸造翻译.docVIP

Chapter 2 Casting Processes of Metals 第二章：金属的铸造工艺 A casting may be defined as a metal object obtained by allowing molten metal to solidify in a mold , the shape of the object being determined by the shape of the mold cavity. Casting is basically melting a solid material, heating to a special temperature, and pouring the molten material into a cavity or mold, which is in proper shape. Casting has been known by human being since the 4th century B.C. 铸造可以被定义为：“通过使熔融的金属液在铸型中凝固而得到金属物体”，物体的形状由型腔的形状决定。基本上来说，铸造就是将固态材料熔化、加热到一个特定的温度，然后将熔融的材料浇注到有确定形状的型腔或铸型中。早在公元前4世纪，铸造就被人类所了解。 2. 1 Casting Procedure 2．1铸造过程 　　In all casting processes six basic factors are involved. These are as follows: 所有的铸造工艺都包括六个基本因素。介绍如下： A mold cavity, having the desired shape and size and with due allowance for shrinkage of the solidifying metal, must be produced. Any complexity of shape desired in the finished casting must exist in the cavity. Consequently, the mold material must such as to reproduce the desired detail and also have a refractory character so that it will not be significantly affected by the molten metal that it contains. Either a new mold must be prepared for each casting, or it must be made from a material that can withstand being used for repeated castings, the latter being called permanent molds. 必须制作出一个具有所要求形状、大小和由于金属凝固过程收缩而造成的应有公差的型腔。在中，所有需求形状的复杂部分都要存在于型腔中，通常，铸型材料必须是为了复制出所需要的零件，同时要有一定的耐火特性以确保它不会被所包容的熔融金属严重影响，每一次铸造都要准备一个新的铸型，或者必须使用一种能够经受重复铸造的模型材料，后者被称为金属模。 A suitable means must be available for melting the metal that is to be cast, providing not only adequate temperature, but also satisfactory quality and quantity at low cost. 与之相匹配的熔化铸造金属方法必须是有效的，其不仅要提供精确的温度，而且要在低成本的基础上提供令人满意的质量和数量。 The molten metal must be introduced into the mold in such a manner that all air or gases in the mold, prior to pouring or generated by the action of the hot metal upon the mold, will escape, and the mold will be completely filled. A quality casting must be de