腩噒剌潃灭瑵牥湥整-ENDOCRINES.pptVIP

ENDOCRINES Thyroglobulin is a large protein molecule synthesized by the thyroid gland: Tyrosine in this molecule is iodinated and coupled by peroxidase enzyme Tetra-iodothyronine is T4 Tri-iodothyronine T3 is the active molecule THYROID HORMONES ACTIONS Regulates growth and development ^BMR ^CHO utilization ^ Lipolytic action Reduces plasma cholesterol Negative feed back CVS stimulant Necessary for normal GH secretion Thyrotoxicosis: Treatment Class Propylthiouracil Methimazole Lugol’s iodine (5% iodine/10% K iodide) Beta Blockers: Propranalol Radioactive iodine MOA Peroxidase inhibitor: prevents peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 Side effects: Pruritus/ Dizziness/ Leukopenia/Jaundice Dosage:15-60mg/day Inhibits release of T3 and T4 Reduces T3 activity on target organs Rapidly concentrates in the gland and destroys the thyroxine producing cells THYROID HORMONES Indications: Myxedema therapy Prevents cretinism Goiter management Thyroid tablets–gland extracts-60 mg Levothuyroxine sodium (T4)-100 mcg Liothyronine (T3)-25 mcg Adverse effects: Cardiac side effects Adrenal Glands Adrenal Cortex: Steroid hormones derived from cholesterol - long term response” Adrenal Medulla : Epinephrine - Neuronal release due to stress short term response CHRONO BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS CIRCADIAN 24 HOUR CYCLE DARK / LIGHT SLEEP / AWAKE PATTERNS PEAK HOURS OF COPRTISOL SECRETIONS 4 AM - 8 AM ULTRADIAN 4 - 8 SECRETORY “BURSTS” IN 24 HOUR PERIOD TRIGGERED BY CRH AND ACTH BURSTS CLUSTERED AT PEAK CIRCADIAN TIMES GLUCOCORTICOIDS:‘CORTISONE’ Gluco - regulate blood glucose, CHO and Protein metabolism Cortisol (hydrocortisone) 10 - 25 mg / day Cortisone – 0.5 - 2 mg / day Corticosterone – 30 - 150 mcg / day GLUCOCORTICOIDS FUNCTIONS Increase liver glycogen stores Increase gluocneogenesis Increase lipolysis CNS mood effects: Depression/Euphoria Assists CVS functions: potentiates NE Increased hemoglobin synthesis Inhibits prostaglandins and leukotrenes Glucocorticoid f